The history of the catholic church in China goes back up to 1307, when Khanbaliq Archdiocese, today’s Beijing, was erected. After it’s dissolution in 1483 it lasted up to 1690 respectivly 1660, when the dioceses of Peking and Nanking could be founded. From 1840 onwards, the Holy See estrablished Apostolic Vicariates in Thibet and Mongolia. To confine Portugal’s influence, Bl. Pius IX. suppressed the dioceses of Peking and Nanking in 1856 and substituted them by an increasing amount of apostolic vicariates, which were entrusted to missionaries from different orders and countries. Only Pius XII. erected the ordinary hierarchy on April 11, 1946, by elevating the vicariates to dioceses.
In the 1920s the first Chinese of newer times were consecrated as bishops, and in the 1946 consistory Thomas Tian Gengxin became the first cardinal of his country. However, the church remained a missionary one under foreign domination. After foundation of the People’s Republic in 1949, missionary work was prohibited; foreign missionaries were expelled, often after several years of improsonment, and the native clergy also often was impedited to work for pastoral care. The vast majority of dioceses and apostolic prefectures in fact became vacant. In 1951, Anton Pott from Steyl society was elevated as the last missionary bishop, but it was impossible to consecrate him, so he left for Taiwan. In 1952, Pius XII. named with Joseph Wang Cizhang, T. O. R., for Hengyang the last bishop who indead was consecrated, while the 1955 appointed Humilis Yang Guang-qi of Yuci was not able to become consecrated.
Due to this desparate situation, which was even more difficult because the government forbid the single bishops left in office any contact to „foreign powers“ – i. e. the Vatican -, some of them decided to consecrate additional bishops without consent of the Holy See to guarantee the survival of religious life. So, with Li De-hua on March 7, 1958, a long line of consecrations without Papal mandate started. Archbishop Pi Shu-shi, who imposed at least twenty-six consecrations, for a while was considered excommunicated.
This series of consecrations ended in 1963 under increasing pressure of the government. Open religious life was impossible from cultural revolution in 1966 up to Mao’s death in 1976, and a lot of bishops, priests and faithfull were imprisoned or lost their life. After the death of exiled Tian Gengxin, St. Paul VI. created with Paul Yu Bin, Archbishop of Nanjing, a new Chinese cardinal, but he also had been living in Taiwan exile for years.
Michael Fu Tie-shan, first bishop after the Culture Revolution
Therefore, great public interest was created by the first consecration, which took place in Beijing in 1979. Under protest of the Holy See Michael Fu Tie-shan was consecrated by Michael Yang Gao-jian and became bishop of Beijing. Simultaneously, the church became organized by the state-ruled Patriotic Organization. To neglect hierarchy, there were no further archbishops or ecclesiastical provinces any more but only equal-right bishops elected by faithfull and clergy. On the other side stood catholics loyal to Rome who were lead by own bishops consecrated in clandestine. That meant that often a diocese had two concurring prelates at the same time; often it is impossible to differ „patriotic“ and „loyal to Rome“, for several bishops changed the sides or, mainly in the last years, bishops were accepted by both parties. A first, unilateral attempt of compromise took place in 1981, when St. John Paul II. appointed Dominic Deng Yiming, S. I., Titular Bishop and Apostolic Administrator of Guangzhou, who was in office since 1950 and imprisoned for long years, as regular Archbishop of Guangzhou – the first elevation since nearly 30 years. However, this step caused additional difficulties and anger. Deng, up to then highly respected by the patriotic party, became persona non grata, could not enter his office and had to go into exile to Hong Kong. In 1983, the Holy See silently dismissed all surviving missionary bishops and prefects to clear a point of critic of the government; the government did not acknowledge this step. Therefore, the Holy See did not show any signs of good will any more. A period of increasing conflicts started, also befired by the vatican. So, in 1991 the pope announced shortly after Ignatius Gong Pinmei, Bishop of Shanghai, had been released from prison and had left the country, that he was the one who had been created a cardinal „in pectore“ in 1979. On October 1, 2000, i. e. the annual Feast of Revolution, 120 martyrs, amoung them five missionary bishops from pre-communist time, were canonized in Rome; this unlucky step polluted atmosphere between Beijing and Rome for a long time.
It was Benedict XVI. who reestablished dialogue, when in 2005 he appointed five Chinese bishops of both parties to work as delegates at the Roman Bishops‘ Synod; however, no-one got the allowance to leave the country. In 2007, he wrote a highly noted letter to Chinese faithfulls, and at the end of 2016, his successor Francis achieved bilateral elevation of bishops. Nevertheless, there were no solutions regarding the questions of putting the Apostolic Nunciature from Taipei to Beijing or of acknowledgement of patriotic dioceses founded in the 1990s.
Anthony Li Duan, Archbishop of Xi’an, one of the Delegates of the Bishops‘ Synod 2005
Since 1958 these consecrations took place; details to the first two ones are not known:
00.00.0000: Shi Guangdong, by N. N.
00.00.0000: Wang Feili, by N. N.
00.00.1958: Paul Xi Minhuan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
00.00.1958: Joseph Zhou Yi-zhai, by Dong Wen-long
13.04.1958: Bernardin Dong Guangqing, by Joseph Li Daonan
13.04.1958: Marc Yuan Wen-hua, by Joseph Li Taonan
20.04.1958: Stanislav Chang Sou-yi, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
20.04.1958: Lan Bo-lu, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
20.04.1958: Pan Shao-qing, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
20.04.1958: Lucas Wang Shou-qian, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
01.06.1958: Dong Wen-long, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
01.06.1958: Henry Jia Fu-shan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
01.06.1958: Charles Li Ming-yuan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
01.06.1958: Joseph Zhong Huaide, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
15.06.1958: Chen Yuencai, by Francis Yi Xuan-hua
15.06.1958: Paul Kong Ling-zhong, by Francis Yi Xuan-hua (?)
22.06.1958: Zhao You-min, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
06.07.1958: John Li Xi-ting, by Matthew Duan Yinmin (?)
20.07.1958: John Wang Qi-wei, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
09.10.1958: Chen Du-qing, by John Wang Qi-wei
09.10.1958: Hu Qin-ming, by John Wang Qi-wei
09.10.1958: Huang Shu, by John Wang Qi-wei
26.10.1958: Tarcisius Guo Ze-qian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.10.1958: James Li Shu-ren, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.10.1958: Louis Li Zhen-lin, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.10.1958: Xiong De-lian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.10.1958: Michael Yang Gao-jian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
00.00.1959: Wang Ju-guang, by Mathew Duan Yinmin
26.03.1959: John Li Sheng-xue, by Joseph Li Boyu
26.05.1959: (?) Peter Wang Rui-huan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
31.05.1959: Mathew Wang Wei-ming, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
01.07.1959: (?) Joseph Yao Guang-yu, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.07.1959: Anthony Tu Shi-hua, by Joseph Li Daonan
15.08.1959: Paul Francis Zhang Ming-qian, by Bernardin Dong Guang-qing
15.11.1959: John Li Wei-guang, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
15.11.1959: Thomas Qian Yurong, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
15.11.1959: Shen Chu-ming, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
15.11.1959: Matthew Yu Cheng-cai, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
00.00.1960: Zhou Qingyun, by N. N.
26.04.1960: Fang Zhigang, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.04.1960: Shu Qi-shui, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.04.1960: Matthew Wu Guo-huan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
26.04.1960: Louis Zhang Jia-shu, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
30.04.1960: Zhang Ri-jin, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
00.05.1960: Nicholas Shi Lunguo, by Dong Wen-long
21.01.1962: Anthony Gao Yong, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962: Stephan He Chunming, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962: Li De-hua, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962: Joseph Lin Quan, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962: Andrew Liu An-zhi, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962: John Xia Xue-qian, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
21.01.1962: Joseph Ye Yin-yun, by Ignatius Pi Shu-shi
31.03.1963: Shi Ming-liang, by Paul Deng Jizhou
07.04.1963: Fan Dao-jiang, by John Li Xi-Ting
14.05.1963: PaulLi De-pei, by Francis Zhao Zhen-sheng
21.12.1979: Michael Fu Tie-shan, by Michael Yang Gao-jian
00.00.1980: (?) Thomas Min Doumu, by Julius Jia Zhiguo (?)
25.04.1980: Lucas Li Jingfeng, by Anthony Zhou Wei-dao
19.12.1980: Julius Jia Zhiguo, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
00.00.1981: Joseph Jin Dechen, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
21.01.1981: Casimir Wang Milu, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
20.04.1981: Paul Zhang Chengguo, by N. N.
16.06.1981: Francis Zhou Shanfu, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
24.07.1981: Matthew Ma Long-lin, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.07.1981: Joseph Qian Hui-min, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.07.1981: Lawrence Zhang Wen-bin, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.07.1981: Augustine Zhao Jingnong, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.07.1981: Paul Zu Zhenjiang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
27.09.1981: John Cai Ti-yuan, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
27.09.1981: Peter Paul Li Panshi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
19.10.1981: Lucas Thomas Zhang Huaixin, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
10.12.1981: Bartholomew Yu Chengti, by Casimir Wang Milu
18.12.1981: John Ji Huairang, by Francis Zhong Huaide
2…12.1981: Peter Fan Wenxing, by Chang Shou-yi
21.12.1981: Paul John Liu Jinghe, by Stanislav Chang Shou-yi
21.12.1981: Simon Liu Zhong-yu, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
00.00.1982: John Qu Jingfeng, by N. N.
11.01.1982: Stanislaus Min Xilian, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
25.01.1982: Paul Fan Yufei, by Anthony Zhou Weidao
12.02.1982: Joseph Sun Yuanmo, by Francis Han Tingbi
17.02.1982: Paul Song Wei-li, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
02.03.1982: Matthew Lu Zhengshen, by Bartholomew Yu Chengti
20.04.1982: Peter Chen Jianzhang, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
06.05.1982: Andrew Han Jindao, by N. N.
18.05.1982: Paul Liu Shuhe, by Francis Xavier Zhou Shanfu
15.06.1982: Stephen Li Side, by Paul Liu Shuhe
15.06.1982: Melchior Shi Hongzhen, by Paul Liu Shuhe
24.06.1982: Cosmas Shi Enxiang, by Francis Xavier Zhou Shanfu
21.07.1982: Anthony Li Weidao, by Francis Han Ting-pi
25.07.1982: Peter Liu Guandong, by Francis Zhou Shanfu
11.08.1982: Joseph Shi Hongzhen, by Joseph Li Side
23.09.1982: Augustin Zheng Shouduo, by Francis Han Tingbi
06.10.1982 John Liu Dinghan, by Joseph Zhong Huai-de
10.10.1982: Roch Liu Dian-chi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
10.10.1982: John Liu Dinghan, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
18.12.1982: Benedict Bonaventure Zhangxin, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
30.12.1982: Michael Xiao Liren, by Casimir Wang Milu
00.00.1983: John Liu Dinghan, sub conditione by Stephen Li Side
09.03.1983: Raymond Wang Chong Lin, by Casimir Wang Milu
16.03.1983: Stephen Li Xinzheng, by Casimir Wang Milu
08.04.1983: Paul Li Zhenrong, by Casimir Wang Milu
08.11.1983: Joseph Ma Zhongmu, by Casimir Wang Milu
00.00.1984: Joseph Zhu Yousan, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
18.01.1984: Odoric Victor Liu Hede, by Stephen Li Xinzheng (?)
18.01.1984: Anthony Yang Shao-huai, by Stephen Li Xinzheng
25.01.1984: James Xie Shiguang, by Stephen Li Xinzheng
24.03.1984: Joseph Meng Ziwen, by Matthew Lu Zhengshen
00.06.1984: John Baptist Ye Yishi, by James Xie Shiguang
27.07.1984: Joseph Li Congzhe, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
14.09.1984: Andrew Hao Jinli, by Melchior Zhang Kexin (?)
09.01.1985: Vincent Huang Shoucheng, by Paul Liu Shuhe
27.01.1985: Aloysius Jin Luxian, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
27.01.1985: Stephen Li Side, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
26.02.1985: Joseph Fan Zhongliang, by Matthew Lu Zhen Sheng
14.06.1985: John Chen Shizhong, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
22.09.1985: John Li Xue-song, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
03.03.1986: Peter Zhang Bairen, by Matthew Lu Zhensheng
29.04.1986: Peter Chen Bolu, by Francis Han Tingbi
30.11.1986: Joseph Huang Zi-yu, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
30.11.1986: Louis Yu Runshen, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
30.11.1986: Peter Zhang Shi-zhi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
30.11.1986: Joseph Zhu Hua-yu, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
00.00.1987: Augustinus Hu Daguo, by Peter Fan Xueyan
15.03.1987: Philipp Ma Qi, by Lawrence Zhang Wen-bin
29.03.1987: Paul Shi Chunjie, by Stephen Li Xinzheng
05.04.1987: Anthony Li Duan, by Lawrence Zhang Wen-bin
31.05.1987: Philip Xu Lizhi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
07.08.1987: John Yang Shudao, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
09.08.1987: Joseph Zhong Huaide, by Lucas Ly Jing Feng
06.09.1987: John Wu Shizhen, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
10.09.1987: Peter Li Hongye, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
08.12.1987: Simon Qu Tian-xi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
08.12.1987: Anthony Wang Zicheng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
28.03.1988: Matthew Chen Muchen, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
24.04.1988: Samuel Guo Chuanzhen, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.04.1988: Paul Han Xi-rang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.04.1988: Joseph Ma Xuesheng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.04.1988: Joseph Sun Zhibin, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.04.1988: James Zhao Ziping, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
12.08.1988: Philip Yang Libo, by Julius Jia Zhiguo
16.10.1988: Zhang Hualiang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
27.11.1988: John Zhou Fengqing, by Aloysius Jin Lu-xian
04.12.1988: Andreas Anicetus Wang Chongyi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
00.00.1989: Thomas Gao Yuchen, by N. N.
07.05.1989: Anthony Zhong Quanzhang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
15.05.1989: Paul Guo Wenzhi, by Paul Liu Shuhe
21.05.1989: Paul Jiang Taoran, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
21.05.1989: Pius Jin Peixian, by Joseph Zhong Hiai-de
29.06.1989: John Jiang Liren, by Peter Liu Guandong
29.06.1989: Matthew Pei Xiangde, by Peter Liu Guandong
30.06.1989: Joseph Li Bingyao, by Peter Liu Guandong
21.07.1989: Marc Yuan Wen Zai, by Joseph Fan Zhong-Liang
31.07.1989: Michael Huang Woze, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
31.07.1989: Joseph Xu Zhixian, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
30.08.1989: Simon An Shi’en, by Peter Liu Guandong
31.08.1989: John Baptist Liang Xisheng, by Anthony Yang Shao-huai
11.09.1989: Stephen Liu Difen, by N. N.
03.10.1989: (?) Simon Zhang Jiumu, by Peter Liu Guandong
03.10.1989: (?) Philip Peter Zhao Zhendong, by Peter Liu Guandong
08.10.1989: Joseph Hou Guoyang, by Peter Joseph Fan Xueyan
28.10.1989: Joseph Hou Jin-de, by Peter Chen Bolu
14.11.1989: John Han Dingxiang, by Peter Liu Guandong
12.12.1989: Matthias Yu Chengxin, by Paul Li Zhenrong
13.01.1990: Thomas Zeng Jingmu, by James Xie Shiguang
06.05.1990: James Ping Leung Lin, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
08.05.1990: (?) Francis Zhang Feng-zao, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
08.07.1990: Thaddeus Guo Yingong, by Benedict Zhangxin
08.07.1990: Bonaventure Luo Jun, by Benedict Zhangxin
26.08.1990: Louis Liu Huanbo, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
28.10.1990: Francis Xavier Guo Zhengji, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
28.10.1990: Andrew Zhu Wenyu, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
00.12.1990: John Baptist Wang Ruohan, by Paul Li Zhenrong
00.00.1991: Shi Shoujing, by N. N.
24.01.1991: Joseph Zheng Changcheng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
22.02.1991: Joseph Su Yuanmo, sub conditione by Francis Han Tingbi
05.05.1991: Michael Xie Chaogang, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
08.05.1991: Nicholas Shi Jingxian, by Anthony Li Duan
04.09.1991: John Huo Cheng, by Benedict Zhangxin
11.09.1991: Matthew Gu Zheng, by Li Zhenrong
17.11.1991: Joseph Wang Zhenye, by Anthony Li Duan
25.11.1991: Paul Xie Tingzhe, by Lucas Ly Jing Feng
27.11.1991: Joseph Zhang Weizhu, by John Wang Guohan
08.12.1991: Matthew Pan Deshi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
24.02.1992: Michael Liu Xianru, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
14.05.1992: John Zhang Qingtian, by Peter Liu Guandong
27.05.1992: Joseph Shi Hongzhen, sub conditione by N. N.
04.10.1992: James David Lin Xili, by Michael Xiao Liren
15.03.1993: Joseph Jin Dechen, sub conditione by Peter Zhang Boren
18.03.1993: Peter Hou Jingwen, by John Liu Dinghan
02.05.1993: Francis An Shuxin, by Peter Liu Guandong
02.05.1993: James Su Zhimin, by Peter Liu Guandong
14.05.1993: Paul Lo Bei Zhan, by Matthew Duan Yinmin
18.05.1993: Thomas Zhao Feng Wu, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
01.08.1993: John Baptist Liu Jingshan, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
03.09.1993: John Gao Kexian, by Joseph Li Bingyao (?)
21.09.1993: Matthew Luo Duxi, by John Chen Shizhong
07.11.1993: Stanislaus Han Daoyi, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
03.12.1993: Benedict Cai Xiufeng, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
07.12.1993: Joseph Liu Yuanren, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
19.03.1994: Francis Tong Hui, by Anthony Li Duan
11.04.1994: (?) Lu Zhiyuan, by N. N.
18.12.1994: Sylvester Li Jiantang, by Benedict Zhangxin
19.03.1995: Joseph Chen Xu, by Andrew Anicetus Wang Chong Yi
19.03.1995: Joseph Zhu Baoyu, by Joseph Jin Dechen
22.06.1995: Joseph Wei Jingyi, by Paul Guo Wenzhi
12.10.1995: John Liu Shigong, by John Baptist Liu Jingshan
17.12.1995: Alphonse Yang Guang Yan, by Anthony Li Duan
06.01.1996: Peter Zhang Zhiyong, by Lucas Ly Jing Feng
16.04.1996: Nicholas Han Jide, by Philip Ma Qi
14.05.1996: Josaphat Li Hongguang, by Augustin Zheng Shouduo
28.10.1996: Matthew Chen Xilu, by Peter Fan Wenxing
30.10.1996: (?) Stephen Yang Xiangtai, by Peter Chen Bolu (?)
08.12.1996: Joseph Wang Dianduo, by Nicholas Shi Jingxian
19.03.1997: John Chen Cangbao, by Shi Enxiang
07.05.1997: John Bai Ningxian, by Joseph Zhong Huaide
2…07.1997: John Fang Xing Yao, by Thomas Zhao Feng Wu
24.06.1997: John Baptist Wang Xi Xian, by Anthony Li Duan
13.07.1997: Peter Lin Jiashan, by John Yang Shudao
28.01.1998: Ermenegildus Li Yi, by Anthony Li Weidao
13.06.1998: Anthony Zhong Changfeng, by John Baptist Liang Xicheng
09.05.1999: Damase Zhang Hanmin, by Pius Jin Peixian
14.09.1999: John Baptist Wang Jin, by Sylvester Li Jiantang
28.12.1999: Zhang Tongli, by Anthony Zhong Changfeng
06.01.2000: Peter Fang Jianping, by Joseph Liu Yuanren
06.01.2000: Andrew Jin Daoyuan, by Joseph Liu Yuanren
06.01.2000: Francis Xavier Lu Xinping, by Joseph Liu Yuanren
06.01.2000: John Baptist Su Changshan, by Joseph Liu Yuanren
06.01.2000: Vincent Zhan Silu, by Joseph Liu Yuanren
20.03.2000: Joseph Li Lian Gui, by John Liu Dinghan
07.05.2000: Joseph Zhao Fengchang, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng
14.05.2000: Michael He Jinmin, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng
14.05.2000: Matthew Hu Xiande, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng
25.06.2000: Matthew Cao Xiangde, by Yu Cheng-cai
08.08.2000: Joseph Jiang Mingyuan, by Raymund Wang Chong Lin
13.08.2000: Joseph Li Mingshu, by Joseph Ma Xuesheng
28.11.2000: John Chrisostome Lan Shi, by Lawrence Zhang Wenbin
10.12.2000: John Baptist Ye Ronghua, by Anthony Li Duan
19.02.2002: Leo Yao Liang, by Joseph Wei Jingyi
08.03.2002: Paul Wang Huiyao, by Alphonse Yang Guangyan
12.11.2002: Joseph Tong Changping, by Lawrence Zhang Wengbin
05.01.2003: Joseph Han Zhihai, by Paul Xie Tingzhe
21.01.2003: John Baptist Tan Yanquan, by Pius Jin Peixian
26.09.2003: Joseph Liao Hongqing, by Bernardine Dong Guangqing
14.10.2003: Peter Mao Qingfu, by Peter Li Hongye
14.10.2003: Placidus Pei Ronggui, by Peter Li Hongye
00.00.2004: Joseph Shi Shuang-xi, by N. N.
06.01.2004: Peter Feng Xinmao, by Liu Ding-han
08.02.2004: Paul Ma Cunguo, by Bonaventure Luo Juan
17.02.2004: Thomas Zhao Kexun, by Joseph Wei Jingyi
29.04.2004: Joseph Zhang Xianwang, by James Zhao Zi-ping
07.05.2004: Matthias Du Jiang, by John Liu Shigong
05.07.2004: Paul Ji Zengwei, by Augustine Hu Daguo
19.11.2004: Paul Su Yongda, by John Fang Xing Yao
00.00.2005: Paul Dong Guanhua, by N. N.
01.01.2005: Joseph Gao Hongxiao, by Liang Xisheng
28.06.2005: Joseph Xing Wenzhi, by Aloysius Jin Luxian
26.07.2005: Anthony Dan Mingyan, by Anthony Li Du’an
18.10.2005: Paul He Zeqing, by Joseph Xu Zixhuan
19.10.2005: Joseph Wu Qinjing, by Anthony Li Duan
00.00.2006: Zhuang Jianjian, by N. N.
20.04.2006: Joseph Xu Honggen, by John Fang Xing Yao
30.04.2006: Joseph Ma Yinglin, by Bernardine Dong Guang-qing
03.05.2006: Joseph Liu Xinhong, by John Wu Shizhen
07.05.2006: Paul Pei Junmin, by Pius Jin Peixian
30.11.2006: John Wang Renlei, by Joseph Zhao Fengchang
08.09.2007: Paul Xiao Zejiang, by Andreas Anicetus Wang Chongyi
21.09.2007: Joseph Li Shan, by John Fang Xing Yao
10.11.2007: Peter Shao Zumin, by Vincent Huang Shoucheng
30.11.2007: Francis Lu Shouwang, by Louis Yu Ren Shen
04.12.2007: Joseph Gan Junqiu, by John Fang Xing Yao
14.12.2007: Peter Jin Lugang, by Joseph Wei Jingyi
21.12.2007: Joseph Li Jing, by John Baptist Liu Jingshan
28.12.2008: Vincent Guo Xijin, by Vincent Huang Shoucheng
10.01.2009: Vincent Zhu Weifang, by Joseph Gao Hongxiao
18.04.2010: Paul Meng Qinglu, by Paul Pei Junmin
21.04.2010: Joseph Shen Bin, by John Fang Xin Yao
08.05.2010: Joseph Cai Bingrui, by John Fang Xin Yao
24.06.2010: Joseph Han Yingjin, by Joseph Tsong Huaide
10.07.2010: Anthony Xu Jiwei, by Joseph Li Ming Shu
15.07.2010: John Baptist Yang Xiaoting, by Louis Yu Ren Chen
16.09.2010: Paul Meng Ningyu, by Sylvester Li Jiantang
21.09.2010: Peter Wu Junwei, by John Huo Cheng
31.10.2010: John Baptist Li Sugong, by Joseph Li Shan
15.11.2010: Joseph Yang Yongqiang, by John Fang Xing Yao
20.11.2010: Joseph Guo Jincai, by Peter Fang Jianping
00.00.2011: John Wang Ruowang, by N. N.
30.03.2011: Paul Liang Jiansen, by Joseph Gan Junqiu
20.05.2011: John Lu Peisan, by John Fang Xingyao
21.06.2011: Joseph Sun Jigen, by Stephen Yang Xiangtai
29.06.2011: Paul Lei Shiyin, by John Fang Xinyao
14.07.2011: Joseph Huang Binzhang, by John Fang Xingyao
30.11.2011: Peter Luo Xuegang, by John Chen Shi-zhong
19.04.2012: Joseph Chen Gong’ao, by Peter Fang Jianping
25.04.2012: Method Qu Ailin, by Joseph Li Shan
06.07.2012: Joseph Yue Fusheng, by John Fang Xingyao (?)
07.07.2012: Thaddeus Ma Daquin, by Aloysius Jin Luxian
28.11.2012: Francis Xavier Jin Yangke, by Matthew Hu Xiande
07.04.2013: Auguste Cui Tai, by N. N.
13.02.2014: Peter Li Huiyuan, by N. N.
10.04.2014: John Pei Weizhao, by N. N.
04.08.2015: Joseph Zhang Yinlin, by Thomas Zhang Huaixin
10.11.2016: Peter Ding Lingbin, by Joseph Li Shan
30.11.2016: Joseph Tang Yuange, by John Fang Xingyao
30.11.2016: John Baptist Wang Xiaoxun, by John Baptist Yang Xiaoting
02.12.2016: John Lei Jiapei, by John Fang Xingyao
02.12.2016: John Lei Jiapei, by John Fang Xingyao
23.11.2020: Thomas Chen Tianhao, by John Fang Xingyao
22.12.2020: Peter Liu Genzhu, by Paul Meng Yinglou
28.07.2021: Anthony Li Hui, by Joseph Ma Yinglin
08.09.2021: Joseph Cui Qingqi, by Joseph Ma Yinglin
25.01.2024: Thaddeus Weng Yuesheng, by Joseph Shen Bin
29.01.2024: Anthony Sun Wenjun, by John Fang Xingyao
31.01.2024: Peter Wu Yishun, by Joseph Li Shan
This survey does not differ between obediences or legitimacy for in most cases the bishops were not able to choose between papal and national church. On this website, patriotic dioceses and offices are related to the official Vatican jurisdictions. Therefore, you will find archbishops even since 1958, but also several double occupations. These insufficiencies are due to time.
On September 22, 2018, the Holy See, represented by Mons. Antoine Camilleri, Under Secretary for State Relations in the Secretariate of State, and the People’s Republic of China, represented by Deputy Foreign Secretary Wang Chao, signed a „Provisional Agreement“ for bishops‘ appointments, but without publishing it. This treaty, critizised strongly by parts of the underground church and by Cardinal Joseph Zen Ze-kiun of Hong Kong, agreed formally in the establishing of Chengde diocese, which in fact has been led since 2010 by patriotic bishop Joseph Guo Jingcai, the official Roman acknowledgement of this prelate as well as of up to then illegitimate and excommunicated bishops Mons. Joseph Huang Bingzhang, Paul Lei Shiyin, Joseph Liu Xinhong, Joseph Ma Yinglin, Joseph Yue Fusheng and Vincent Zhan Silu and, posthumously, of the 2017 deceased Anthony Tu Shihua. On 22.10.2020 the trety was prolonged for two additional years for the first time. On 15.07.2023 the Holy See acknowledged the previous illegitimate election of bishop Joseph Shen Bin of Haimen as Bishop of Shanghai; in 2024 three appointments occurred in 2023 formally were published. On 27.08.2024, the People’s Republic for the first time and in person of 94 years old and since 2019 acting Melchior Shi Hingzhen of Tianjin acknowledged formally an up to then clandestine „Roman“ bishop.